BERLIN TREATY Turk Turkey

BERLIN TREATY

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Instead of the Treaty of San Stefano, signed after the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Russia and the treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire.

Made by the Austrian foreign minister convened a congress in Berlin on June 13 with the official explanation. Decisions taken at the congress, taking into consideration the interests of Great Britain and Austria-Hungary signed.

According to this agreement;

1 - Serbia, was considered as the conditional independence of Karabakh, and Romania.

2 - Crete, Osmani was the State.

3 - Russia, the Ottomans left Dogubeyazit and Eleşkirt'i.

4 - an independent principality of Bulgaria, and special conditions will be left in the Ottoman Empire was divided into three provinces of Eastern Rumelia and Macedonia.

5 - 802 500 francs war indemnity to be paid by the Ottoman Ddevleti'nin deducting installments tied to Russia.

6 - Bosnia-Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary was left.


BERLIN TREATY
Ottoman history, Ottoman-Russian War, after the so-called war of ninety, 13Temmuz 1878, the Ottoman Devleti'yle Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Berlin Treaty signed between Britain and France.

The law enacted after the sultan of Sultan Abdulhamid Khan-i-i meb'ûsân Assembly established in accordance with the constitution, Russia on April 24 1877, note of the proclamation of war against the Ottoman Devletl'ne, to go against Abdülhamid Han responded to the proclamation of war, regardless of their efforts. Although the collision between the heroic Ottoman army on various fronts, the war is over defeat. Russian forces in Erzurum in Eastern Anatolia, Rumelia, marched up to the Edirne. The Russians going to be a completely wide open road with the delivery of Edirne, Istanbul. The next progression in the face of Russian Sultan Abdulhamid Han of Istanbul, which will decline even in danger, January 9, 1878, Armistice (truce) for making the Grand Duke Nicholas was admitted to the Russian army commander. Armistice request after you have reported by telegraph, with him as managing director of the Foreign Minister for talks hususda Server nassa nazire sender Namik Pasha, Pasha, and the Treasury. the military as an advisor at the sides of the peripheral Naguib, mirliva Osman Pasa and the governor sent Agâh Bey. January 19 1878, the Kushan Empire reached by Kizanlik'a case, the Grand Duke Nlkola, refused to negotiate prior to the delivery of Edirne. The Sultan Abdülhamid Han During the period, and for mediation of Queen Victoria, the Russian carina (Viktorya'ya) was admitted. Dangerous for the British to prevail in the Mediterranean influence in the Straits the Russians saw the queen Victoria, was admitted to the tsar for peace by accepting mediation. Grand Duke Nicholas on the principles of peace on condition that it be signed or agreed to the truce.

Russia, the Ottoman Empire to come to a situation on the dominant, European powers, especially Britain mobilized. They are the decision of the Russians to occupy Istanbul rumor spread. Firstly, Austria, taking action, will be done between the two state peace treaty in force, martial law was collected according to a parliament in Vienna wanted to ensure that, in Britain, who was standing outside the navy in the throat by passing the Dardanelles into the Sea of ​​Marmara.

Meanwhile the Grand Duke Nicholas Russian army commander, said Armistice Terms of heavy water for:

1-Bulgaria will be given autonomy.

2-Montenegro's independence will be accepted from recent war and the border will be determined by granting him the lands.

3-Romania, and Serbia's independence, and both falling in confirming whether the boundaries of the land will be determined by the state.

4-Bosnia and Herzegovina will be given autonomy.

5-Russia, either in cash or by abandonment of the land will be given compensation in the war.

6-Straits Russian rights protection, will be done by negotiation between the sultan and kararlastirilacakti Wed.

Other than the adoption of these principles, the principles of peace as a means of negotiating for the Russians and the Ottoman delegate or Sivastopol'e Kushan Empire would go to Odessa.

Terms of Armistice accepted edilince Warfare Operation stopped, as te'minât, Vidin, Rousse, Silistra and emptied by the Turks in Erzurum castles, fortresses Russian troops placed in it as long as negotiations continue.

The Turkish delegate Kushan Empire, at first refused the heavy conditions, mitigate, and tried very hard to change. But the Russians, the Charter is not accepted if istanbul flatly to give notice on the march, 31 January 1878 the Armistice was signed in Edirne Treaty Organization and the principles of peace.